Activated charcoal, also known simply as activated carbon, is a form of carbon processed to have small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions.  Activated charcoal is produced by heating carbon-rich materials, such as wood, peat, coconut shells, or coal, at high temperatures (600-900°C) in the absence of oxygen. This process creates a highly porous material with a large surface are The porous structure of activated charcoal enables it to adsorb (not absorb) substances onto its surface. This means that molecules and ions from gases or liquids adhere to the surface of the charcoal. It is often used to adsorb organic compounds, pollutants, and toxins.